The pages below are written notes originating from 2017 and through to currently 2025, although I have held the concept of using Leibniz’s Monad as inspiration for a physical and metaphysical model of reality since the mid-1990s.

The pages have been written up as my theoretical research has progressed and as such, the reader will find older versions of mathematical models in earlier pages, that have evolved and changed with thought and with further realisations and inspirations.

The Monadic model of the universe replaces Quantum Mechanics and from the equations of the Monadic model, Einstein’s theory of Relativity can be derived, as indeed can the Lorentz Transformation equations and the Lorentz Force equation, all of which take on physical meaning, lose their inherent paradoxes and can be visualised. Many concepts stipulated by the adoption in Physics of the theory of Relativity are superseded, with clear mathematical explanations given. Einstein would be happy at least about one aspect of Monad theory, because it aligns to the statement he famously insisted to Niels Bohr, “God does not play dice”. The energy levels of the Hydrogen Atom become the fairly straightforward solution to the energy levels of a standing wave equation, with an entirely new explanation for the quantisation of atomic electron energy levels. A mathematical equivalence between the equations for spherical harmonics and ‘amplitude modulation with a quantised phase shift’ is discovered. The Klein-Gordon equation is derived from the mathematics of the Monadic model. An explanation of the reduced mass in Atoms is provided. The Schrodinger Equation itself can be replaced with the standard Wave Equation, while giving a clear physical model of why quantised atomic energy levels occur. The double-slit experiment for both Photons and Electrons is explained, including a resolution to the mathematical mystery of why Feynman’s Path Integrals actually work. The paradoxical wave-particle duality of matter is resolved with the Monadic model of physical reality, as is the twins paradox inherent in the Theory of Relativity and the Lorentz Transformation equations. In Monadic theory, time is not required to ‘slow down’ to explain observed physical phenomena. The Monadic model explains the high level of uncertainty observed when measuring the gravitational constant G and could offer an explanation for the ‘wheel-and-spoke’ rotation of galaxies observed by the Hubble telescope and offer an alternative avenue of research to the concepts of ‘dark matter’ and ‘dark energy’.

Above are some of the highlights of the theoretical research, there are many discoveries explained within the page links below that offer a new Physics for the 21st Century, with I hope many consequential metaphysical realisations and discoveries to be made by enlightened souls with deeper spiritual and empathetic insight than myself. Simply put, we all live, exist and overlap within the physical presence of each other (and indeed the entire Solar System); the ‘fundamental interconnectedness of all things’ as Douglas Adams puts it is a reality and can be proved (I hope experimentally, as well as theoretically) with a mathematical foundation explaining all the paradoxes of past physical models.

The intended audience is Post-Graduate Research Physicists, with the webpage enabling any interested Physicist to read and gain an understanding of the Monadic theoretical model I am researching. I am looking forward to having constructive and critical discussions with expert Physicists. I believe the mathematical foundation is solid.

There is significant theoretical research still to be done, however I think the Monadic theory has matured significantly to share with Physicists who, as well as offering constructive and critical feedback, will I hope be able to test the mathematical models and concepts experimentally.

I am also thinking that I ought to share this with the world, before lightning strikes and I vanish in a puff of Monadic Electrons 🙂

Alan John Alexander Shave

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz

Gottfried Wilhelm (von) Leibniz (1 July 1646 – 14 November 1716) was a German polymath active as a mathematician, philosopher, scientist, and diplomat. He is a prominent figure in both the history of philosophy and the history of mathematics. He wrote works on philosophy, theology, ethics, politics, law, history, and philology. Leibniz also made major contributions to physics and technology. As a philosopher, he was one of the greatest representatives of 17th-century rationalism and idealism. As a mathematician, his greatest achievement was the development of the main ideas of differential and integral calculus. He introduced several notations used to this day, for instance the integral sign ∫, representing an elongated S, from the Latin word summa, and the d used for differentials, from the Latin word differentia.

In philosophy and theology, Leibniz is most noted for his optimism, i.e. his conclusion that our world is, in a qualified sense, the best possible world that God could have created. Leibniz, along with René Descartes and Baruch Spinoza, was one of the three great early modern rationalists.

Leibniz’s best known contribution to metaphysics is his theory of monads, as exposited in Monadologie. He proposes his theory that the universe is made of an infinite number of simple substances known as monads. Monads can also be compared to the corpuscles of the mechanical philosophy of René Descartes and others. These simple substances or monads are the “ultimate units of existence in nature”. Monads have no parts but still exist by the qualities that they have. These qualities are continuously changing over time, and each monad is unique. They are also not affected by time and are subject to only creation and annihilation. Monads are centres of force; substance is force, while space, matter, and motion are merely phenomenal. It is said that he anticipated Albert Einstein by arguing, against Newton, that space, time, and motion are completely relative as he quipped, “As for my own opinion, I have said more than once, that I hold space to be something merely relative, as time is, that I hold it to be an order of coexistences, as time is an order of successions.” Einstein, who called himself a “Leibnizian” even wrote in the introduction to Max Jammer’s book Concepts of Space that Leibnizianism was superior to Newtonianism, and his ideas would have dominated over Newton’s had it not been for the poor technological tools of the time; it has been argued that Leibniz paved the way for Einstein’s theory of relativity.

The theories begun on this site take inspiration from Liebnizianism, for instance that ‘space’ does not exist separate to matter, that Monads are the units of matter. Monads do not exist in ‘space’, or separate to ‘space’, instead they exist over and within each other. Each Monad has a size of all of space, and all of space exists within each Monad. In this sense, ‘space is an order of coexistences’. The physics of such a basis for matter and existence is expounded in the pages listed above.